Abstract
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire the south Kurdistan will be occupied by the Britons. All non-Turkish people can establish their own national states, except the Kurds whom they deny the right of self-determination. The Kurds and their homeland will be divided, against their wills, among four new established states in Middle East .
South Kurdistan will be in 1925 annexed to the Iraqi Kingdom . The
authoritarian and the pan Arabic rulers in Baghdad tries with all methods
to assimilate the Kurdish people into the Arabic nation, and subject them
to all kinds of repressions.
The oppression of the Kurds reaches its climax during the leadership
of the dictator Saddam Hussein in 1988 when poisoned gas, as a part of
the genocide policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan, will be used against them.
After the defeat of the Baath’s regime in the second Gulf war the Kurdish people begin to revolt against the regime. Then a brutal offensive of the republican guards against the uprising force the majority of the Kurdish people to seek refuge in the neighbouring countries.
According to the UN resolution number 688, the allies set up a safe
heaven in a big area of Iraqi Kurdistan, in order to repatriate the huge
number of the refugees and to protect the world-peace and security of the
region.
After one year, and as result of democratic parliament election, the safe heaven will be developed into de facto Kurdish state. But because of the absence of the international recognition, anti Kurds policy of the countries dividing Kurdistan which intends to destabilize the situation in the region, because of the non-democratic competition or chronic rivalry of the major Kurdish organizations and in the half cordiality of the west allies and UN, the self-government’s region of Kurdistan “Free
Kurdistan” can’t be developed into an independent Kurdish state.
The differences between the Kurdish political parties in the self-government’s region of Kurdistan and the interfere of the regional power in the interior affairs of the region leads to the break out of “brothers war”, consequently the region will be divided into two parts under the control of KDP and PUK.
A significant peace agreement will be singed in 1998 in Washington
, through the mediation of the government of the United States of America
between the disputed parties, later further steps will be taken to comply
this agreement and to normalize the situation in Kurdistan , but the region
and its Administration remain divided.
During the third Gulf war, the Kurdish resistance fighters (Peshmerga) actively participate in the North front. The Ba’th regime collapse on April 9, 2003 . Consequently, the Iraqi state and its oppression institutions break down. The responsibility for a new Iraq will be given to the previous opposition parties.
The Kurds and other national and religious minorities for the first time equally take parts with Sunni and Shia Arabs in the central government and important administrations in many provinces especially Mosul and Kirkuk. And the new provisional constitution undertakes the task of elimination of all phenomenon of arabising policy left from the previous regime in Kurdistan . It recognizes also the regional government of Kurdistan with its recent borders until the adoption of the permanent constitution and aims to establish a democratic federal Iraq.
But, in spite of all this, the Kurdish issue remains to be not correctly
solved; there are still some problems that must be solved.
This study focuses on the creation of safe heaven in Iraqi Kurdistan,
its backgrounds and its perspectives in the future. Moreover, it introduces
and analyses practical options to solve the conflict peacefully, therefore,
it presents a contribution for discussion and solutions for the Kurdish
Issue in Iraq. |
